碲同位素研究进展及其地质应用展望     

陈加杰  冷成彪  许德如  王大钊  李凯旋 《地质学报》2020,94(5):1655-1663

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪以及色谱分离和纯化方法的应用，大大提高了碲(Te)同位素的分析精度和效率，推动了碲同位素研究。本文综述了Te同位素研究的最新进展及其地质应用。碲具有亲硫和亲氧双重属性，同时具有一定的挥发性。自然界(包括陨石)中碲同位素( δ 130/125Te)的变化范围为-4. 12‰~2. 15‰。其同位素分馏受到不同过程的控制，其中球粒陨石碲同位素分馏主要受陨石形成过程中碲的蒸发和冷凝过程的控制，该过程中可引起高达6. 9‰的分馏；自然界中氧化还原反应也可以引起较大的碲同位素分馏(4‰)，因此碲同位素可能成为反应成岩成矿过程中氧化 还原条件变化的指标；此外，有机溶剂(如石油)参与的萃取作用可引起1. 8‰的碲同位素分馏效应，这一效应在重稳定同位素研究过程中需要引起足够的重视。随着碲同位素分馏机制的进一步明晰，碲可能在示踪成矿物质来源、限定成矿时间以及指导矿产勘查等方面得到更为广泛的应用。  相似文献   

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿III- 2岩体氧逸度研究：来自矿物成分的指示     

魏少妮  朱永峰  安芳 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2367-2382

包古图斑岩铜矿位于新疆西准噶尔地区，是区内规模最大的斑岩型矿床，成矿作用与晚石炭世中酸性侵入体密切相关。III- 2岩体位于矿区南部，该岩体全岩矿化，但品位较低，是探讨成矿岩浆性质的理想对象。本文结合岩石学和角闪石、锆石等矿物成分分析，通过与典型斑岩铜矿进行对比，探讨了成矿岩浆的氧逸度。研究表明，包古图III- 2岩体以石英闪长（玢）岩和闪长岩为主，少量辉石闪长岩，主要由斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、石英和钾长石组成，含少量钛铁矿、榍石和磷灰石。石英闪长岩中早期结晶的自形角闪石属于钙质闪石，Mg#较高（0. 72~1. 00），成分分析指示成矿岩浆的氧逸度为：△NNO+1. 4~△NNO+2. 6，位于斑岩铜矿含矿岩体的分布范围。从中分选出的锆石REE含量高（338×10-6~959×10-6），具有左倾型稀土配分模式，轻稀土亏损，重稀土富集，显示强烈Ce正异常和Eu负异常。Ce4+/Ce3+比值为29. 55~89. 50，Eu/Eu*比值为0. 32~0. 47，分布于斑岩铜矿含矿岩体和未矿化岩体的叠加部位。研究结果显示，包古图斑岩铜矿III- 2岩体成矿岩浆氧逸度较高，有利于成矿元素的溶解和迁移，对斑岩铜矿的形成有促进作用。  相似文献   

羌塘盆地中侏罗统砂糖状白云岩流体包裹体碳—氧同位素分析及白云岩成因机制讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

季长军  陈程  吴珍汉  伊海生  夏国清  赵珍 《地质论评》2020,66(5):1186-1197

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏带中侏罗统布曲组砂糖状白云岩储集层成因一直备受关注和争议。白云岩成因及其储层预测对于碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探具有重要意义，但是关于羌塘盆地布曲组白云岩的成因并没有一个相对统一的认识，争议核心聚焦在白云岩化流体性质。笔者等试图在包裹体测温和盐度分析的基础上，利用同位素分馏方程系统研究白云岩包裹体碳—氧同位素，探讨羌塘盆地侏罗系砂糖状白云岩白云岩化流体特征。研究表明白云岩白云石包裹体和灰岩方解石包裹体均一温度分布范围皆为50~220℃，但白云石的包裹体温度峰值分布区间明显要高于方解石的峰值温度，多数样品的温度集中在150℃到220℃区间；另外，与同层灰岩相比，白云岩具有明显的重碳同位素异常富集特征，该特征是高温流体交代石灰岩或者说是水岩反应的标志；此外，通过碳—氧同位素分馏方程计算出白云岩包裹体流体碳、氧同位素分别为-1. 30‰～1. 53‰和5. 81‰～12. 50‰，具有高盐度的卤水特征。综合包裹体温度、盐度，以及包裹体碳、氧同位素特征，本文认为羌塘盆地布曲组砂糖状白云岩是热液交代白云岩化产物。  相似文献   

序言:特提斯构造域岩浆作用与成矿     

杨志明  冷成彪  朱经经  高剑峰 《地质学报》2023,97(4):973-973

斑岩矿床是全球铜钼的主要来源,其形成与中酸性岩体的浅成侵位有关。斑岩矿床形成的精细过程与斑岩体成矿潜力判别,一直是新世纪以来矿床学研究的重要前沿。作为中酸性岩体中最常见且化学性质较为稳定的副矿物,锆石和磷灰石矿物化学近年来在岩浆作用与斑岩成矿作用研究中得到广泛应用。一方面,这是得益于近年来以LA-ICP-MS为代表的原位分析技术的快速进步及普及,使得精确获取矿物组分信息、特别是微量组分信息成为可能;另一方面,锆石和磷灰石的化学成分中蕴含丰富的成岩成矿信息,包括年龄、温度、氧逸度、含水量、S和Cl含量等,综合这些指标可以揭示岩浆-成矿演化规律及精细过程。为此,本文详细综述了近年来利用锆石和磷灰石约束斑岩矿床形成过程及成矿潜力评价等方面的主要进展,特别是在判断岩石类型、岩石成因、岩浆源区、反演母岩浆成分、区分矿床类型、示踪成矿流体来源、揭示流体交代作用与斑岩矿床蚀变分带、评价矿床剥蚀与保存情况等方面的进展;同时也梳理了研究中存在的主要问题与挑战,在此基础上,对未来锆石和磷灰石在斑岩矿床领域的应用研究提出一些建议。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal pattern of gypsum blooms in the Salton Sea,California, during 2000-2018     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Algal blooms and the resulting deterioration of water quality have threatened the environmental health of inland lakes. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of gypsum blooms in the Salton Sea, the largest inland water body in California. An innovative gypsum bloom index (GI) was proposed to detect gypsum blooms based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra data for three bands (469, 555, and 859 nm) during 2000–2018. Discoloration (from green to reddish brown) was observed in the gypsum bloom-infested waters mapped using the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color model. We found that: (1) the GI is able to effectively map gypsum blooms in the Salton Sea with a relatively high accuracy (85 %); (2) the largest gypsum bloom area was observed in summer (August and September), with notable gypsum blooms lasting more than 40 days in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2016, and 2018; (3) the gypsum bloom-infested waters shifted from the center to the southeastern shore of the lake during 2003–2018, and the frequency of gypsum blooms significantly increased since 2008. Meanwhile, the temporal and spatial differences between the northwestern and southeastern lake increased over the observation period; and (4) discoloration occurred in the gypsum bloom-infested waters and lasted for 14 days on average, longer periods of discoloration (more than 20 days) occurred d in 2002, 2016, and 2018. The reconstruction of gypsum bloom dynamics in the Salton Sea provides valuable information for the practical management and restoration of the Salton Sea.  相似文献   

台西南深海底栖有孔虫及其5万年来冷泉微生境变迁记录     

苏新  曲莹  陈芳  杨胜雄  周洋  崔鸿鹏  于翀涵  滕田田 《地学前缘》2020,27(6):255-275

为探讨冷泉区底栖有孔虫组合特征、受控因素及其冷泉微生境随时间的变迁,本文对台西南海盆取自九龙甲烷礁和海洋四号区冷泉区的973-4和973-5两根岩心展开了底栖有孔虫及其壳体氧碳同位素研究。测年结果揭示两根岩心为晚更新世约5万年来海洋氧同位素期(MIS)MIS 3至MIS 1早期的沉积序列。两个站位共识别了底栖有孔虫79属233种,优势类别在973-4组合中为Uvigerina(23.3%)、Bulimina(10.71%)和Cibicidoides(9.87%),在973-5组合中是Bulimina(20.6%),两站位的组合优势和常见属种均以内生类别为主。有孔虫分异度显然同时受到正常深海环境因子TOC和沉积物粒度的影响。总体上,优势和常见类群与TOC相关性较弱,但与δ¹⁸O_{Uvigerina spp.}有不同程度的相关性,说明有孔虫还受冷泉特殊营养物质和流体因子影响。5万年来,973-4和973-5站位底栖有孔虫组合生活的冷泉微生境,经历了由双壳-自生碳酸盐岩(MIS 3至MIS 2早期)向双壳-菌席(MIS 2晚期至MIS 1早期)的变迁。底栖有孔虫的优势类群也随微生境的变迁而演替,如973-4站位MIS 3-MIS 1的优势类群依次为U.peregrina、Cibicidoides-Bulimina、U.vadescens和Cibicides,973-5站位为Chilostomella+ Globobulimina、Cibicidoides、Bulimina。有孔虫壳体氧碳同位素特征也随时间改变,从MIS 3到MIS 2早期,在自生碳酸盐岩水岩交换背景下,具有富δ¹⁸O和亏损δ¹³C特点(3.5‰~4.49‰,-2‰~-0.2‰); MIS 2晚期—MIS 1早期因双壳和菌席的生物地球化学作用影响,具有略富集δ¹⁸O和略微亏损δ¹³C的特征(2.5‰~3.5‰,-1‰~-0.1‰)。自5万年来两个区甲烷渗漏逐渐减弱,其间发生了几次增强事件。973-4站位记录了1次持续时间约10 ka的增强事件(35~25 ka);973-5站位记录3次(45 ka,35 ka,14~12 ka)。其中,45 ka时海底上涌的甲烷通量可能最大,在海底表面形成水合物。35 ka时的甲烷喷溢增强事件可能为区域性事件。  相似文献   

The isotope hydrology of the Muskoka River Watershed,Ontario, Canada     

April L. James  Emily Dusome  Tim Field  Huaxia Yao  Chris McConnell  Andy Beaton  Arghavan Tafvizi 《水文研究》2020,34(4):914-926

Stable isotope tracers of δ¹⁸O and δ²H are increasingly being applied in the study of water cycling in regional-scale watersheds in which human activities, like river regulation, are important influences. In 2015, δ¹⁸O and δ²H were integrated into a water quality survey in the Muskoka River Watershed with the aim to provide new regional-scale characterization of isotope hydrology in the 5,100-km² watershed located on the Canadian Shield in central Ontario, Canada. The forest dominated region includes ~78,000 ha of lakes, 42 water control structures, and 11 generating stations, categorized as “run of river.” Within the watershed, stable isotope tracers have long been integrated into hydrologic process studies of both headwater catchments and lakes. Here, monthly surveys of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in river flow were conducted in the watershed between April 2015 and November 2016 (173 surface water samples from 10 river stations). Temporal patterns of stable isotopes in river water reflect seasonal influences of snowmelt and summer-time evaporative fractionation. Spatial patterns, including differences observed during extreme flood levels experienced in the spring of 2016, reflect variation in source contributions to river flow (e.g., snowmelt or groundwater versus evaporatively enriched lake storage), suggesting more local influences (e.g., glacial outwash deposits). Evidence of combined influences of source mixing and evaporative fractionation could, in future, support application of tracer-enabled hydrological modelling, estimation of mean transit times and, as such, contribute to studies of water quality and water resources in the region.  相似文献   

几种环境因子对皱纹盘鲍的胁迫作用及其阈值     

魏姗姗  罗冬莲  许翠娅  杨妙峰  郑盛华  郑惠东  陈月忠  钱小明 《海洋科学》2018,42(12):47-54

针对福建等海域养殖皱纹盘鲍度夏死亡率高的现象,试验研究了不同盐度、温度和溶解氧条件,对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍和1龄鲍死亡率的影响,并根据试验结果设定了皱纹盘鲍海上养殖盐度、温度和溶解氧预警阈值。结果表明:低盐胁迫对皱纹盘鲍的死亡率影响显著,在水温24～27℃时,盐度20是幼鲍和1龄鲍试验组和对照组死亡率有显著差异的临界点,盐度预警阈值为22;高温胁迫对皱纹盘鲍的死亡率影响显著,温度28℃是幼鲍和1龄鲍试验组和对照组死亡率有显著差异的临界点,温度预警阈值为27℃;皱纹盘鲍有较强的耐低氧能力,在水温26℃,盐度为30,溶解氧低于2.0mg/L时,开始大量死亡,溶解氧预警阈值为3.5mg/L;高温胁迫和低盐胁迫对皱纹盘鲍的死亡率有显著的交互作用,温度升高,低盐耐受能力下降。  相似文献   

Natural mineral photoelectric effect: mineral non-classical photosynthesis     

LU Anhuai  LI Yan  DING Hongrui  WANG Changqiu  XU Xiaoming  LIU Feifei  LIU Yuw 《地学前缘》2020,27(5):300

Under the ever-present solar radiation, photosynthetic organisms on Earth evolved structurally-sophisticated photosynthetic systems. However, little attention has been paid to the inherent impact of sunlight illumination on the inorganic minerals widespread on the Earth surface. We discovered for the first time the solar energy conversion system of the “mineral coatings” on the Earth's surface (aka“mineral membrane”), which exerts potential oxygen-production and carbon-sequestration functions on the Earth surface. Our finding shed a light on the photoelectric effect and non-classical photosynthesis involving natural semiconducting minerals. In this contribution, we studied the semiconducting property and photoelectron energy of typical minerals in the “mineral membrane”, focusing primarily on the photoelectric effect in and oxygen-production/carbon-sequestration function of ferromanganese oxides, as well as relevant geological records. We propose that birnessite, goethite and hematite, the semiconducting minerals commonly found in the “mineral membrane”, can perform sensitive and stable photon-to-electron conversion under solar radiation. The non-classical mineral photosynthetic function we put forth is as follows: Solar energy utilization by inorganic minerals resembles photosynthesis in regarding to oxygen evolution and carbon fixing, and the “mineral membrane” may take part in both photocatalytic water-oxidation reaction and transformation of atmospheric CO₂into marine carbonate. In addition, minerals might as well have promoted photosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms. During the water-oxidation reaction, the inorganic cluster Mn₄CaO₅of photosystem II cycles through redox intermediates that are analogous to birnessite both in structure and component. Thus, it is fair to postulate that birnessites could play a role in the initiation of the photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, as minerals could weaken the hydrogen bond strength and alter water properties, thus facilitating water oxidation and photosynthesis. This observation offers further insights into the molecular mechanism of mineral participation in photosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms.  相似文献   

城镇化流域降水径流氢氧同位素特征及洪水径流分割     

谢林环  江涛  曹英杰  张得胜  黎坤  唐常源 《地理学报》2019,74(9):1733-1744

为研究人类活动影响下河流降水径流响应特征,以珠江三角洲典型城镇化流域石马河为研究对象,采集2017年1-12月日降水、河水样品和3场台风期间的时段降水、洪水样品,通过测定其氢氧稳定同位素组成（δD、δ ¹⁸O）,分析流域降水、径流氢氧同位素组成特征,并利用同位素二元混合模型,分割3场台风降水事件中事前水及事件水对流量过程的贡献。结果表明,研究区域大气降水δD、δ ¹⁸O的变化范围分别为-105.10‰~+9.98‰和-14.80‰~-0.55‰,年加权平均值为-57.88‰和-8.61‰,大气降水线为δD = 7.70δ ¹⁸O+8.61（R ²= 0.98）;河水δD、δ ¹⁸O的变化范围分别为-91.23‰~-15.96‰和-12.66‰~-4.01‰,δD-δ ¹⁸O基本落在局地大气降水线上,表明降水是石马河径流的主要来源。3场台风期间,事件水占洪水总径流量的比例分别为59.7%、55.0%和69.4%,均高于事前水占比。洪水涨水初期事前水和事件水同步增长,涨水后期事件水比例逐渐增大,洪峰期间比例大于80%,成为径流主导成分,表明流域城镇化过程中下垫面不透水面积的增加会显著改变水文循环过程。本研究成果可为珠江三角洲城镇化流域水文预报提供理论基础。  相似文献